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DBMS > dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Heroic vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Heroic vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamedBASE  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptiondBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.dbase.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAsthon TateGoogleSpotifySymasMicrosoft
Initial release19792015201420112019
Current releasedBASE 2019, 20190.9.32, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemsDOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
hostedLinux
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infovia Elasticsearchnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonononoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesdBase proprietary IDEC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.nononoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSAtomic single-row operationsnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
dBASEGoogle Cloud BigtableHeroicLMDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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