DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HBase vs. RDFox vs. RethinkDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HBase vs. RDFox vs. RethinkDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Key-value store
Wide column store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.26
Rank	#92	Overall
	#13	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/bigtable

hbase.apache.org

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

rethinkdb.com

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

hbase.apache.org/book.html

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

rethinkdb.com/docs

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Oxford Semantic Technologies

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

2015

2008

2017

2009

2000

Current release

2.3.4, January 2021

6.0, Septermber 2022

2.4.1, August 2020

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C
Java

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Triggers

yes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

range based

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

replication via a shared file system

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomic single-row operations

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Atomic single-document operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

Roles, resources, and access types

yes

users and table-level permissions

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