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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasetypedb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqltypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMicrosoftVaticle
Initial release2015201720102016
Current releaseV122.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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