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DBMS > etcd vs. Google BigQuery vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Google BigQuery vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeLarge scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score58.10
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
cloud.google.com/­bigquerygithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
cloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docsdocs.nebula-graph.iodoc.nuodb.comwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleVesoft Inc.Dassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2010201920131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.4, August 201916.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C++C
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedLinuxhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesStrong typed schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnonoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions infoin JavaScriptuser defined functionsJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes, watching key changesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Causal Clustering using Raft protocolyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying dataACIDACID infotunable commit protocolACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infoTemporary tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdGoogle BigQueryNebulaGraphNuoDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
etcdGoogle BigQueryNebulaGraphNuoDBPostgreSQL
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