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DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score60.38
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigqueryhive.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgrdf4j.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homelearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2010201219891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2004
Current release3.1.3, April 2022SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIJDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languages.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin JavaScriptyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying datanoACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
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