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DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. GraphDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. GraphDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score60.38
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigquerywww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationspotify.github.io/­heroiclearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextSpotifyMicrosoftOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release20102000201419892017
Current release10.4, October 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20226.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infovia Elasticsearchyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languages.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin JavaScriptwell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access types
More information provided by the system vendor
Google BigQueryGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHeroicMicrosoft SQL ServerRDFox
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
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