DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.97
Rank	#191	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#87	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#330	Overall
	#45	Document stores

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

rdf4j.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

FoundationDB

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2013

1989

2004

2019

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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