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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environmentsEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.88
Rank#130  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score3.50
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score1.93
Rank#121  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.htmlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywheredocs.stardog.com
DeveloperFoundationDBMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSAP infoformerly SybaseStardog-Union
Initial release20131989199419922010
Current release6.2.28, November 2020SQL Server 2022, November 202218.1.40, May 202017, July 20157.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanoyes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perluser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroringMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
FoundationDBMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereStardog
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