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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. OpenMLDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. OpenMLDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonOpenMLDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsAn open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSWide column storeTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score0.10
Rank#359  Overall
#36  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesopenmldb.ai
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlopenmldb.ai/­docs/­zh/­main
DeveloperFoundationDBMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoft4 Paradigm Inc.
Initial release20132019201020122020
Current release6.2.28, November 2020cloud service with continuous releasesV122024-2 February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++, Java, Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedhostedLinux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-freeFixed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnono
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLnono
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas availableyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDoptimistic lockingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FoundationDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft Azure Table StorageOpenMLDB
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