DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

TypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS

The data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.97
Rank	#191	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#87	Relational DBMS

Score	2.33
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.65
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#9	Object oriented DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

typedb.com

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

typedb.com/docs

Developer

FoundationDB

Google

Microsoft

Vaticle

Initial release

2013

2011

1989

2016

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

1.23, February 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2.28.3, June 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Synchronous replication via raft

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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