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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. SingleStore vs. SpatiaLite vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. SingleStore vs. SpatiaLite vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeSpatial extension of SQLiteTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score5.38
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Score1.63
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comwww.singlestore.comwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexpingcap.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.singlestore.comwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmldocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperFoundationDBThomas MuellerSingleStore Inc.Alessandro FurieriPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20132005201320082016
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20238.5, January 20245.0.0, August 20208.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilitiesTiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++, GoC++Go, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux info64 bit version requiredserver-lessLinux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyes infobut no triggers and foreign keysyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
JavaBash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesnono
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infohash partitioningnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodesnoneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsnoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnoyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access control via users, groups and rolesnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBH2SingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLSpatiaLiteTiDB
Specific characteristicsSingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesSingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosDriving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersIEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsCustomers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsF ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBH2SingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLSpatiaLiteTiDB
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