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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. Ultipa

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. Ultipa

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonUltipa  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLHigh performance Graph DBMS supporting HTAP high availability cluster deployment
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score7.57
Rank#47  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#338  Overall
#32  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.ultipa.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.ultipa.com/­document
DeveloperFoundationDBThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerUltipa
Initial release201320051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 202316.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FoundationDBH2PostgreSQLUltipa
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Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

Recent citations in the news

FoundationDB team’s new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing
13 February 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Antithesis Launches Out Of Stealth To Revolutionize Software Reliability
13 February 2024, PR Newswire

Antithesis raises $47M to launch an automated testing platform for software
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Apple's FoundationDB takes new Record Layer open source, confirms tech underpins CloudKit
14 January 2019, AppleInsider

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24 March 2015, WSJ

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