DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. MySQL vs. Percona Server for MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. MySQL vs. Percona Server for MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL
Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name | FoundationDB Xexclude from comparison | H2 Xexclude from comparison | MySQL Xexclude from comparison | Percona Server for MongoDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers. | Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server. | Widely used open source RDBMS | A drop-in replacement for MongoDB Community Edition with enterprise-grade features. | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store supported via specific layer Key-value store Relational DBMS supported via specific SQL-layer | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS Key/Value like access via memcached API | Document store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | github.com/apple/foundationdb | www.h2database.com | www.mysql.com | www.percona.com/mongodb/software/percona-server-for-mongodb | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | apple.github.io/foundationdb | www.h2database.com/html/main.html | dev.mysql.com/doc | docs.percona.com/percona-distribution-for-mongodb | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | FoundationDB | Thomas Mueller | Oracle since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun | Percona | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2013 | 2005 | 1995 | 2015 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 6.2.28, November 2020 | 2.2.220, July 2023 | 8.4.0, April 2024 | 3.4.10-2.10, November 2017 | 16.3, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license) | Open Source GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available | Open Source GPL Version 2 | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | C++ | Java | C and C++ | C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | All OS with a Java VM | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free some layers support schemas | yes | yes | schema-free | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | no some layers support typing | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | supported in specific SQL layer only | yes | yes with proprietary extensions | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | JDBC ODBC | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | proprietary protocol using JSON | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Go Java JavaScript Node.js PHP Python Ruby Swift | Java | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | Actionscript C C# C++ Clojure ColdFusion D Dart Delphi Erlang Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Lua MatLab Perl PHP PowerShell Prolog Python R Ruby Scala Smalltalk | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | in SQL-layer only | Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions | yes proprietary syntax | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | none | horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Linearizable consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | in SQL-layer only | yes | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | no | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes table locks or row locks depending on storage engine | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | yes via In-Memory Engine | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | no | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Users with fine-grained authorization concept no user groups or roles | Access rights for users and roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FoundationDB | H2 | MySQL | Percona Server for MongoDB | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor FoundationDB team's new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing Stonebraker Seeks to Invert the Computing Paradigm with DBOS Antithesis raises $47M to launch an automated testing platform for software Deno adds scaleable messaging with new Queues feature, sparks debate about proprietary services • DEVCLASS FoundationDB, a very interesting NoSQL database owned by Apple, is now an open-source project provided by Google News Enterprise Manager: How Comcast enhanced monitoring for MySQL InnoDB Clusters Amazon Aurora MySQL version 2 (with MySQL 5.7 compatibility) to version 3 (with MySQL 8.0 compatibility) upgrade ... Rule::array() and whereJsonOverlaps() for MySQL in Laravel 11.7 Ultimate MySQL Workbench Installation Guide [2024 Edition] Zendesk Moves from DynamoDB to MySQL and S3 to Save over 80% in Costs provided by Google News 5 Reasons to Run MongoDB on Kubernetes Percona launches management system aimed at open-source databases FerretDB goes GA: Gives you MongoDB, without the MongoDB... 6 keys to MongoDB database security Percona's DBMS Popularity Survey provided by Google News ServiceNow trades MariaDB for RaptorDB (PostgreSQL) AGEDB Technology Launches PGTS - PostgreSQL Tech-Support First Principles: Optimizing PostgreSQL for the cloud Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates provided by Google News |
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