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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TiDB vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TiDB vs. UniData,UniVerse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.MultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#97  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbpingcap.comwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stabledocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBOntotextMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.Rocket Software
Initial release20132000201420161985
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 20238.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++JavaGo, RustC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyes infoJSON typesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query languageyesyes
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlywell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJavaScriptnoyes
TriggersnonoJavaScriptnoyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*yes infowith TiSpark Connectorno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes infofull support since version 6.6no
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights can be defined down to the item levelFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBTiDBUniData,UniVerse
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
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