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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Access vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Access vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score101.16
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessneo4j.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleMicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release20132008199220072016
Current release6.2.28, November 20201902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 20195.20, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++C++Java, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyes, details hereyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language (GQL)yes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyusing Google App Engineyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication using PaxosnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft AccessNeo4jToroDB
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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