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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Linter vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Linter vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.RDBMS for high security requirementsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score2.97
Rank#92  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.03
Rank#368  Overall
#156  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.56
Rank#142  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtablelinter.ruwww.postgresql.orgwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperFoundationDBGooglerelex.ruPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAlessandro Furieri
Initial release2013201519901989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2008
Current release6.2.28, November 202016.4, August 20245.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C and C++CC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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