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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Geode vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Geode vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesFully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score0.66
Rank#234  Overall
#107  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgeode.apache.orgwww.kinetica.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgeode.apache.org/­docsdocs.kinetica.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqloss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
DeveloperFoundationDBOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.KineticaMicrosoftTobias Oetiker
Initial release20132002201220101999
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.1, February 20177.1, August 2021V121.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as GemfirecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC, C++C++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredLinuxhostedHP-UX
Linux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language (OQL)SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesno
APIs and other access methodsJava Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsuser defined functionsTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyes infoCache Event Listenersyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodenoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAMyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights per client and object definableAccess rights for users and roles on table levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
FoundationDBGeodeKineticaMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRRDtool
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