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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.66
Rank#234  Overall
#107  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgeode.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.kinetica.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgeode.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.kinetica.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperFoundationDBOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.GoogleKineticaMicrosoft
Initial release20132002201520122010
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.1, February 20177.1, August 2021V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfirecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC, C++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedLinuxhosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnononoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language (OQL)noSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsJava Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsnouser defined functionsTransact SQL
Triggersnoyes infoCache Event Listenersnoyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replicationyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodeAtomic single-row operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAM
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights per client and object definableAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles on table levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FoundationDBGeodeGoogle Cloud BigtableKineticaMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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