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DBMS > Firebird vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseWell established RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­access
DeveloperFirebird FoundationActian CorporationGoogleMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201119922016
Current release5.0.0, January 202411.2, May 20221.23, February 20211902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++CC++C++Java
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standard
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLyesnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
Triggersyesyesnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationIngres ReplicatornonenoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
FirebirdIngresLevelDBMicrosoft AccessToroDB
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