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DBMS > Firebird vs. GBase vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. GBase vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#226  Overall
#33  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgwww.gbase.cngithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.keydb.devdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperFirebird FoundationGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2004201920192010
Current release5.0.0, January 2024GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8ccloud service with continuous releasesV12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD-3commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C, Java, PythonC++C++
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoby using the Redis Search moduleall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesStandard with numerous extensionsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLuser defined functionsLuaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL
Triggersyesyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptyessimple password-based access control and ACLAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FirebirdGBaseKeyDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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