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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Solr

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.In-memory JavaScript DBMSMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.43
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasegithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersolr.apache.org
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasetechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorersolr.apache.org/­resources.html
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release20122014199220192006
Current release1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019cloud service with continuous releases9.5.0, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Sourcecommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC++Java
Server operating systemshostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLshostedAll OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JavaScript APIADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'View functions in JavaScriptyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava plugins
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkspark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
noneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID infobut no files for transaction loggingnooptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesnono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Azure Active Directory Authenticationyes

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseLokiJSMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSolr
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