DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Immudb vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Immudb vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Widely used RDBMS

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.60
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	1.92
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#311	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.oracle.com/database

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/database

docs.immudb.io

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.oracle.com/en/database

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Codenotary

Vesoft Inc.

Oracle

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2020

2019

1980

2018

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

23c, September 2023

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Strong typed schema

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

user defined functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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