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DBMS > etcd vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
firebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasehsqldb.orgwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
firebase.google.com/­docs/­databasehsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201220011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.4, August 20192.7.2, June 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageGoJavaC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'Java, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes, watching key changesCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.noneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
etcdFirebase Realtime DatabaseHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBPostgreSQL
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