DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Tarantool vs. TimescaleDB
System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Tarantool vs. TimescaleDB
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Name | Firebase Realtime Database Xexclude from comparison | Google Cloud Spanner Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | Tarantool Xexclude from comparison | TimescaleDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data. | A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play. | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications | A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Time Series DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Spatial DBMS with Tarantool/GIS extension | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database | cloud.google.com/spanner | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.tarantool.io | www.timescale.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | firebase.google.com/docs/database | cloud.google.com/spanner/docs | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | www.tarantool.io/en/doc | docs.timescale.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Google acquired by Google 2014 | Microsoft | VK | Timescale | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2012 | 2017 | 1989 | 2008 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 2.10.0, May 2022 | 2.15.0, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | commercial | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C++ | C and C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | hosted | hosted | Linux Windows | BSD Linux macOS | Linux OS X Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | yes | yes | Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime | numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | yes Query statements complying to ANSI 2011 | yes | Full-featured ANSI SQL support | yes full PostgreSQL SQL syntax | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | Android iOS JavaScript API RESTful HTTP API | gRPC (using protocol buffers) API JDBC At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements. RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | Open binary protocol | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | Java JavaScript Objective-C | Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript Lua Perl PHP Python Rust | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scheme Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | limited functionality with using 'rules' | no | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | Lua, C and SQL stored procedures | user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | Callbacks are triggered when data changes | no | yes | yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime. | yes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances. | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Asynchronous replication with multi-master option Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star) Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft) | Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes using Google Cloud Dataflow | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency if the client is offline Immediate Consistency if the client is online | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Casual consistency across sharding partitions Eventual consistency within replicaset partition when using asyncronous replication Immediate Consistency within single instance Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition when using Raft | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | yes | ACID Strict serializable isolation | ACID | ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, cooperative multitasking | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes, write ahead logging | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | yes, based on authentication and database rules | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access Control Lists Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise Password based authentication Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise Users and Roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendorWe invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Firebase Realtime Database | Google Cloud Spanner | Microsoft SQL Server | Tarantool | TimescaleDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year | Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | Realtime vs Cloud Firestore: Which Firebase Database to go? Don't be like these 900+ websites and expose millions of passwords via Firebase Google Firebase may have exposed 125M records from misconfigurations Google launches Firebase Genkit, a new open source framework for building AI-powered apps Hundreds of Google Firebase websites might have leaked data online provided by Google News | Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB Google Cloud just fired a major volley at AWS as the cloud wars heat up Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It? provided by Google News | Automate downgrading SQL Server to Developer edition on Amazon EC2 | Amazon Web Services Data Virtualization in SQL Server 2022 A generative AI use case using Amazon RDS for SQL Server as a vector data store | Amazon Web Services SQL Server vNext: When and What Is Coming SQL Server 2014 end of support: Keep your customers secure provided by Google News | Deploying Tarantool Cartridge applications with zero effort (Part 1) Тarantool Cartridge: Sharding Lua Backend in Three Lines VShard — horizontal scaling in Tarantool Accelerating PHP connectors for Tarantool using Async, Swoole, and Parallel provided by Google News | TimescaleDB Is a Vector Database Now, Too Timescale Acquires PopSQL to Bring a Modern, Collaborative SQL GUI to PostgreSQL Developers Power IoT and time-series workloads with TimescaleDB for Azure Database for PostgreSQL Timescale Valuation Rockets to Over $1B with $110M Round, Marking the Explosive Rise of Time-Series Data Visualizing IoT Data at Scale With Hopara and TimescaleDB provided by Google News |
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