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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012201520111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.23, February 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnonoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'nonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesAtomic single-row operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud BigtableLevelDBPostgreSQL
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