DBMS > etcd vs. FileMaker vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. FileMaker vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

FileMaker is a cross-platform RDBMS that includes a GUI frontend.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Well established RDBMS

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	48.20
Rank	#20	Overall
	#14	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.claris.com/filemaker

www.h2database.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.claris.com/resources/documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Claris

a subsidiary of Apple

Thomas Mueller

Actian Corporation

Oracle

Initial release

1983

2005

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1980

Current release

3.4, August 2019

19.4.1, November 2021

2.2.220, July 2023

11.2, May 2022

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

iOS

client part only
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

A http query request can return the data in XML format

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

via plugins

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Filemaker WebDirect
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

PHP

Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Source-replica replication, warm standby

since Version 14

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Ingres Replicator

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

simple rights management via user accounts and connection to external directory services

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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