this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.02
Rank	#368	Overall
	#54	Key-value stores
	#156	Relational DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Website

www.faircom.com/products/faircom-edge

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database

ravendb.net

Technical documentation

docs.faircom.com/docs/en/UUID-23d4f1fd-d213-f6d5-b92e-9b7475baa14e.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/en/database

ravendb.net/docs

Developer

FairCom Corporation

Microsoft

Oracle

Hibernating Rhinos

Initial release

1979

2019

1980

2010

Current release

V3, October 2020

cloud service with continuous releases

23c, September 2023

5.4, July 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Restricted, free version available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

ANSI C, C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Android
Linux

ARM, x86
Raspbian
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Data scheme

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, ANSI Standard SQL Types

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

ANSI SQL queries

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language (RQL)

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
Direct SQL
IoT Microservice layer
JDBC
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
VB.Net

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

.Net, JavaScript, C/C++

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

File partitioning

Customizable business rules for partitioning

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Synchronous and asynchronous realtime replication based on transaction logs

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

when using SQL

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

across SQL and NoSQL

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Fine grained user, group and file access rights managed across SQL (per ANSI standard) and NoSQL.

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Authorization levels configured per client per database

More information provided by the system vendor

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.