DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. MonetDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen
System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. MonetDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen
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Name | Elasticsearch Xexclude from comparison | MonetDB Xexclude from comparison | Oracle NoSQL Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TimesTen Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric | A relational database management system that stores data in columns | A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | An in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Search engine | Relational DBMS | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | www.elastic.co/elasticsearch | www.monetdb.org | www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql | www.postgresql.org | www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html | www.monetdb.org/Documentation | docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/timesten/index.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Elastic | MonetDB BV | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Oracle originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2010 | 2004 | 2011 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 1998 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 8.6, January 2023 | Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023 | 24.1, May 2024 | 16.4, August 2024 | Release 22.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Elastic License | Open Source Mozilla Public License 2.0 | Open Source Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details) | Open Source BSD | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | Java | C | Java | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | All OS with a Java VM | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux Solaris SPARC/x86 | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit Linux arm64 Linux x86-64 Solaris SPARC 64 Solaris SPARC/x86 Solaris x86-64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent | yes | Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them. | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | optional | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | yes SQL 2003 with some extensions | SQL-like DML and DDL statements | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | JDBC native C library MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface) ODBC | RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net Groovy Community Contributed Clients Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | C C++ Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R Ruby | C C# Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C++ Java Node.js PL/SQL Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | yes, in SQL, C, R | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | PL/SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes by using the 'percolation' feature | yes | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding via remote tables | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | none Source-replica replication available in experimental status | Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | ES-Hadoop Connector | no | with Hadoop integration | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency depending on configuration | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID | configurable ACID within a storage node (=shard) | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes by means of logfiles and checkpoints | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | Memcached and Redis integration | yes off heap cache | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights for users and roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elasticsearch | MonetDB | Oracle NoSQL | PostgreSQL | TimesTen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Elasticsearch moved into the top 10 most popular database management systems MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conferences, events and webinars | PASS Data Community Summit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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