DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenQM vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata
System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenQM vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata
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| Name | Elasticsearch Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | OpenQM  also called QM Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Teradata Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | QpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Search engine | Relational DBMS | Multivalue DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.elastic.co/elasticsearch | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-open-qm | www.postgresql.org | www.teradata.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.teradata.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Elastic | Microsoft | Rocket Software, originally Martin Phillips | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Teradata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2010 | 1989 | 1993 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 1984 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 8.6, January 2023 | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 3.4-12 | 16.3, May 2024 | Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Elastic License | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source GPLv2, extended commercial license available | Open Source BSD | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Java | C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | All OS with a Java VM | Linux Windows | AIX FreeBSD Linux macOS Raspberry Pi Solaris Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | hosted Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent | yes | yes with some exceptions | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | yes | yes Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | yes | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes SQL 2016 + extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | .NET Client API HTTP REST JDBC JMS Adapter ODBC OLE DB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net Groovy Community Contributed Clients Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | .Net Basic C Java Objective C PHP Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C++ Cobol Java (JDBC-ODBC) Perl PL/1 Python R Ruby | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | yes | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes by using the 'percolation' feature | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | yes | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding Hashing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | yes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | ES-Hadoop Connector | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | Memcached and Redis integration | yes | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elasticsearch | Microsoft SQL Server | OpenQM also called QM | PostgreSQL | Teradata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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