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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQream DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLa GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloads
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#227  Overall
#104  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.orgsqream.com
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.sqream.com
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSQream Technologies
Initial release201020141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current release8.6, January 202316.3, May 20242022.1.6, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes, ANSI Standard SQL Types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions in Python
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureJavaScriptyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal and vertical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectorwith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
ElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQLSQream DB
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