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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. QuestDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelSearch engineRelational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score91.04
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
github.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
questdb.io
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.nebula-graph.ioquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperElasticMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Vesoft Inc.QuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release20102009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520192014
Current release8.6, January 202311.3.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyes infoDynamic columns are supportedStrong typed schemayes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.no
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3user defined functionsno
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyesyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
ElasticsearchMariaDBNebulaGraphQuestDB
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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