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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgtempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperElasticGoogleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTempoIQ
Initial release2010201419891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2012
Current release8.6, January 20232.1.12, February 2017SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaScriptC++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScriptC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureUsing read-only observersyesyesyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyes infousing MemoryDByesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
ElasticsearchLovefieldMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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