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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineWide column storeSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchhbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20132010200820152010
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 20232.3.4, January 2021V1V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free, schema definition possibleyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenonoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesyes infoCoprocessors in JavanoTransact SQL
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectoryesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACyes infousing Azure authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchHBaseMicrosoft Azure AI SearchMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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