DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Riak TS

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Riak TS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Riak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KV

Primary database model

Search engine

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	128.79
Rank	#8	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	0.56
Rank	#241	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#318	Overall
	#27	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

www.graphengine.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/ts/latest

Developer

Elastic

Microsoft

Open Source, formerly Basho Technologies

Initial release

2010

2019

1989

2015

Current release

8.6, January 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.0.0, September 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

.NET and C

C++

Erlang

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

.NET

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

restricted

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

yes, limited

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

Supported programming languages

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Erlang

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between datasets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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