DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. etcd vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. GridGain vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. etcd vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. GridGain vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | Elasticsearch Xexclude from comparison | etcd Xexclude from comparison | Google Cloud Firestore Xexclude from comparison | GridGain Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene  Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric | A distributed reliable key-value store | Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products. | GridGain is an in-memory computing platform, built on Apache Ignite | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Search engine | Key-value store | Document store | Key-value store Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.elastic.co/elasticsearch | etcd.io github.com/etcd-io/etcd | firebase.google.com/products/firestore | www.gridgain.com | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html | etcd.io/docs github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation | firebase.google.com/docs/firestore | www.gridgain.com/docs/index.html | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Elastic | GridGain Systems, Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2010 | 2017 | 2007 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 8.6, January 2023 | 3.4, August 2019 | GridGain 8.5.1 | 16.3, May 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Elastic License | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | commercial | commercial | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Java | Go | Java, C++, .Net | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | All OS with a Java VM | FreeBSD Linux Windows experimental | hosted | Linux OS X Solaris Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent | schema-free | schema-free | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | no | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | no | no | ANSI-99 for query and DML statements, subset of DDL | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | gRPC JSON over HTTP | Android gRPC (using protocol buffers) API iOS JavaScript API RESTful HTTP API | HDFS API Hibernate JCache JDBC ODBC Proprietary protocol RESTful HTTP API Spring Data | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net Groovy Community Contributed Clients Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | .Net C C++ Clojure Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R Ruby Rust Scala Tcl | Go Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C Python | C# C++ Java PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | no | yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions | yes (compute grid and cache interceptors can be used instead) | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes by using the 'percolation' feature | yes, watching key changes | yes, with Cloud Functions | yes (cache interceptors and events) | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas. | Multi-source replication | yes (replicated cache) | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | ES-Hadoop Connector | no | Using Cloud Dataflow | yes (compute grid and hadoop accelerator) | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | no | yes | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | Memcached and Redis integration | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | no | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth. | Security Hooks for custom implementations | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elasticsearch | etcd | Google Cloud Firestore | GridGain | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Elasticsearch moved into the top 10 most popular database management systems MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor Netflix Uses Elasticsearch Percolate Queries to Implement Reverse Searches Efficiently Using Elasticsearch to Offload Search and Analytics from DynamoDB: Pros and Cons Splunk vs Elasticsearch | A Comparison and How to Choose The Total Economic Impact™️ of Elasticsearch Introducing Elasticsearch Vector Database to Azure OpenAI Service On Your Data (Preview) provided by Google News Monitor Amazon EKS Control Plane metrics using AWS Open Source monitoring services | Amazon Web Services RBI reiterates need for underlying forex exposure for rupee derivatives transactions | Mint Killing a market, softly: How an RBI communique could end India's thriving ETCD market ETCD directives don't go well with RBI's stellar reputation RBI holds firm on rupee derivatives stance, defers norm implementation to May 3 provided by Google News Realtime vs Cloud Firestore: Which Firebase Database to go? Google's AI-First Strategy Brings Vector Support To Cloud Databases Google's Cloud Firestore is now generally available Google launches Cloud Firestore, a new document database for app developers Google's Cloud-Native NoSQL Database Cloud Firestore Is Now Generally Available provided by Google News GridGain in-memory data and generative AI – Blocks and Files GridGain's 2023 Growth Positions Company for Strong 2024 GridGain Announces Call for Speakers for Virtual Apache Ignite Summit 2024 GridGain to Sponsor and Speak at Three Key Industry Events in May 2024 GridGain Adds Andy Sacks as Chief Revenue Officer, Promotes Lalit Ahuja to Chief Customer and Product Officer ... provided by Google News ServiceNow trades MariaDB for RaptorDB (PostgreSQL) AGEDB Technology Launches PGTS - PostgreSQL Tech-Support First Principles: Optimizing PostgreSQL for the cloud General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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