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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWidely used RDBMSEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score3.65
Rank#85  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.oracle.com/­databaserocksdb.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasegithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikihelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperOracleFacebook, Inc.SAPOpenLink Software
Initial release20181980201320101998
Current release0.10, February 202423c, September 20238.11.4, April 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoalso available as a cloud based serviceno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++C
Server operating systemsserver-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
LinuxAppliance or cloud-serviceAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
C++ API
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenoSQLScript, Ryes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioningyesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedyesACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBOracleRocksDBSAP HANAVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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Speedb: A high performance RocksDB-compliant key-value store optimized for write-intensive workloads.
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More resources
DuckDBOracleRocksDBSAP HANAVirtuoso
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