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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.73
Rank#143  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserdf4j.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrdf4j.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software FoundationWeaviate B.V.
Initial release20182010200420142019
Current release0.10, February 2024V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaScalaGo
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyesyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLyesnono
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenonenoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usednono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonoAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQLWeaviate
Specific characteristicsWeaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFlexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosAs a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersAll companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsWeaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQLWeaviate
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