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DBMS > DuckDB vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMSVector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.73
Rank#143  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgrdf4j.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software FoundationWeaviate B.V.
Initial release2018200420142019
Current release0.10, February 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaScalaGo
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF Schemasyesyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnono
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenonenoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usednono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnononoAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQLWeaviate
Specific characteristicsWeaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFlexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosAs a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersAll companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsWeaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
DuckDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQLWeaviate
DB-Engines blog posts

Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support
2 February 2021,  Etienne Dilocker, SeMI Technologies (sponsor) 

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