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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#327  Overall
#145  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseorientdb.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPApache Software FoundationParadigma Software
Initial release20182010201020141999
Current release0.10, February 2024V123.2.29, March 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20235.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaScala
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like query language, no joinsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLJava, Javascriptnoyes
TriggersnoyesHooksnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes inforelationship in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablenofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOrientDBSpark SQLValentina Server
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