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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used RDBMSEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score3.65
Rank#85  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­databaserocksdb.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasegithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikihelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperMicrosoftOracleFacebook, Inc.SAP
Initial release20182019198020132010
Current release0.10, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases23c, September 20238.11.4, April 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
LinuxAppliance or cloud-service
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
C++ API
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenoSQLScript, R
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracleRocksDBSAP HANA
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