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DBMS > DuckDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score91.04
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarylearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20182009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520151989
Current release1.0.0, June 202411.3.2, February 2024V1SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++
Server operating systemsserver-lessFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3noTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infowith MEMORY storage enginenoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing Azure authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure AI SearchMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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3rd partiesNavicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development.
» more
Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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More resources
DuckDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure AI SearchMicrosoft SQL Server
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