DBMS > DuckDB vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Teradata

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	45.33
Rank	#21	Overall
	#15	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.mysql.com

www.teradata.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.teradata.com

Developer

Codenotary

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Teradata

Initial release

2018

2020

1989

1995

1984

Current release

0.10, February 2024

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

server-less

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL 2016 + extensions

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

Hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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