DBMS > DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. Tarantool
System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. Tarantool
| Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | DuckDB Xexclude from comparison | Hypertable Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Qdrant Xexclude from comparison | Tarantool Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS | An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as Hadoop | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching | In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Wide column store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Vector DBMS | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Spatial DBMS with Tarantool/GIS extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | duckdb.org | www.postgresql.org | github.com/qdrant/qdrant qdrant.tech | www.tarantool.io | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | duckdb.org/docs | www.postgresql.org/docs | qdrant.tech/documentation | www.tarantool.io/en/doc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Hypertable Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Qdrant | VK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2018 | 2009 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2021 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 0.10, February 2024 | 0.9.8.11, March 2016 | 16.2, February 2024 | 2.10.0, May 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source MIT License | Open Source GNU version 3. Commercial license available | Open Source BSD | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | Open Source BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++ | C++ | C | Rust | C and C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | server-less | Linux OS X Windows an inofficial Windows port is available | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Docker Linux macOS Windows | BSD Linux macOS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free | yes | schema-free | Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | no | yes | Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean | string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | restricted only exact value or prefix value scans | yes | yes Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | Full-featured ANSI SQL support | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC) CLI Client JDBC ODBC | C++ API Thrift | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | gRPC OpenAPI 3.0 RESTful HTTP/JSON API OpenAPI 3.0 | Open binary protocol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C C# 3rd party driverC++ Crystal 3rd party driverGo 3rd party driverJava Lisp 3rd party driverPython R Ruby 3rd party driverRust Swift Zig 3rd party driver | C++ Java Perl PHP Python Ruby | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python Rust | C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript Lua Perl PHP Python Rust | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | Lua, C and SQL stored procedures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes | yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | none | selectable replication factor on file system level | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Collection-level replication | Asynchronous replication with multi-master option Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star) Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency | Casual consistency across sharding partitions Eventual consistency within replicaset partition when using asyncronous replicationImmediate Consistency within single instance Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition when using Raft | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | ACID | ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | yes | yes | yes, cooperative multitasking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes, write ahead logging | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | yes | yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | no | no | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Key-based authentication | Access Control Lists Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise Password based authentication Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise Users and Roles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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| DuckDB | Hypertable | PostgreSQL | Qdrant | Tarantool | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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