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DBMS > DuckDB vs. GridGain vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. GridGain vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGridGain  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGridGain is an in-memory computing platform, built on Apache IgniteMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.55
Rank#150  Overall
#26  Key-value stores
#70  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.gridgain.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.gridgain.com/­docs/­index.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGridGain Systems, Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2018200719891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release0.10, February 2024GridGain 8.5.1SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java, C++, .NetC++CClojure
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesANSI-99 for query and DML statements, subset of DDLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HDFS API
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes (compute grid and cache interceptors can be used instead)Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyes (cache interceptors and events)yesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes (replicated cache)yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes (compute grid and hadoop accelerator)nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoSecurity Hooks for custom implementationsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBGridGainMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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