DBMS > DuckDB vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Enterprise-grade PostgreSQL-based DBMS with security enhancements such as Transparent Data Encryption and Data Masking, plus high-availability and performance improvement features.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	0.37
Rank	#278	Overall
	#128	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.postgresql.fastware.com

www.h2database.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

www.postgresql.fastware.com/product-manuals

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

PostgreSQL Global Development Group, Fujitsu Australia Software Technology

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Initial release

2018

2005

1989

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres 14, January 2022

2.2.220, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

partitioning by range, list and by hash

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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