DBMS > DuckDB vs. Fauna vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Fauna vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Fauna provides a web-native interface, with support for GraphQL and custom business logic that integrates seamlessly with the rest of the serverless ecosystem. The underlying globally distributed storage and compute platform is fast, consistent, and reliable, with a modern security infrastructure.

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	1.55
Rank	#151	Overall
	#26	Document stores
	#14	Graph DBMS
	#71	Relational DBMS
	#13	Time Series DBMS

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

fauna.com

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

docs.fauna.com

firebase.google.com/docs/database

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.nebula-graph.io

Developer

Fauna, Inc.

Google

acquired by Google 2014

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

2018

2014

2012

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2019

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

11.3.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C++

Scala

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

server-less

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Scala
Swift

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

limited functionality with using 'rules'

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

user defined functions

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

consistent hashing

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

Identity management, authentication, and access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.