DBMS > Dgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j vs. Realm vs. SingleStore
System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j vs. Realm vs. SingleStore
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| Name | Dgraph Xexclude from comparison | NebulaGraph Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | Realm Xexclude from comparison | SingleStore  former name was MemSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS | A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data | MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS | Graph DBMS | Graph DBMS | Document store | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | dgraph.io | github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula www.nebula-graph.io | neo4j.com | realm.io | www.singlestore.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | dgraph.io/docs | docs.nebula-graph.io | neo4j.com/docs | realm.io/docs | docs.singlestore.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Dgraph Labs, Inc. | Vesoft Inc. | Neo4j, Inc. | Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019 | SingleStore Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2016 | 2019 | 2007 | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 5.19, April 2024 | 8.5, January 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0 | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source | commercial free developer edition available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | Go | C++ | Java, Scala | C++, Go | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | Linux | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | Android Backend: server-less iOS Windows | Linux 64 bit version required | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | Strong typed schema | schema-free and schema-optional | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value. | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | SQL-like query language | no | no | yes but no triggers and foreign keys | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | GraphQL query language gRPC (using protocol buffers) API HTTP API | Browser interface console (shell) Cypher Query Language GO Object Graph Mapper Java Object Graph Mapper NGBatis ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-BootProprietary native API Python Object Graph Mapper Query language nGQL | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph MapperRESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | Cluster Management API as HTTP Rest and CLI HTTP API JDBC MongoDB API ODBC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | .Net C++ Go Java PHP Python | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net Java with Android onlyObjective-C React Native Swift | Bash C C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | user defined functions | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | no runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes via event handler | yes Change Listeners | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | yes | Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | none | Sharding hash partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Synchronous replication via Raft | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | none | Source-replica replication stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | no can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes Relationships in graphs | yes Relationships in graphs | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes using RocksDB | yes | yes | yes All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes In-Memory realm | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | no Planned for future releases | Role-based access control | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | yes | Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dgraph | NebulaGraph | Neo4j | Realm | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license. » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Testcontainers, Metadata Management, App Dev and more Creating the GQL Database Language Standard This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Knowledge Graphs, Open Source AI, GraphQL and more This Week in Neo4j: Nodes 2024, Data Modelling, Events, Knowledge Graphs and more GQL is Here: Your Cypher Queries in a GQL World | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dgraph | NebulaGraph | Neo4j | Realm | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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