DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. STSdb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#360	Overall
	#52	Key-value stores

Website

dgraph.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.postgresql.org

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

STS Soft SC

Initial release

2016

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2011

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

16.3, May 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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