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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.86
Rank#203  Overall
#34  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websitedgraph.iowww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­databaserdf4j.orgsurrealdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databaserdf4j.org/­documentationsurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftOracleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.SurrealDB Ltd
Initial release20161989198020042022
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 2023v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC++C and C++JavaRust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Java
PHP
Python
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyes
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
DgraphMicrosoft SQL ServerOracleRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSurrealDB
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