DBMS > Dgraph vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. Newts vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. Newts vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#41	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

kx.com

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

opennms.github.io/newts

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

code.kx.com

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

github.com/OpenNMS/newts/wiki

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

OpenNMS Group

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2014

2019

Current release

3.6, May 2018

11.3.2, February 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

free 32-bit version

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

with proprietary extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

HTTP REST
Java API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

horizontal partitioning

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

based on Cassandra

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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